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Netherland
Dwarf Rabbit 411
Housing
Your rabbit needs a home that will keep him secure and clean.
A cage or hutch works best, and should be made of sturdy wire, wood or hard
plastic. The best option would be an all wire cage because it is easiest to
keep clean, cannot be chewed, and will last the longest. The sides and top
should be of 14 or 16 gauge wire that has openings no bigger than 1” x 2”. The
floor should be 14 or 16 gauge, but with holes that are 1” x ½”. This will
allow waste to fall through, but support the weight of the rabbit without
causing sores or injury.
A secure latch on the door will keep unwanted visitors out,
and clever rabbits in where they should be.
The litter tray or drop pan should be below the floor wire,
so that the rabbit is not sitting in its own toilet. Untreated Pine shavings
and newspaper are acceptable materials to use in the trays, but do not use
Cedar shavings or cat litter, as they can cause health problems for your
rabbit. Keep in mind that rabbit pellets make excellent fertilizer, but they
are better for your garden without added material like shavings.
Many rabbits can be trained to use a litter pan. Some will
even train themselves. Other are just not as good at housekeeping.
Unless a rabbit has bonded with another from birth, and been
neutered or spayed, they cannot be housed in the same cage. Everybody needs
their own hole.
Nutrition
Rabbits need lots and lots of fiber. Unlimited access to
Timothy and Grass Hay will provide them with what they need. You can supplement
with a good quality pellet food (I recommend Manna Pro, Pen Pals, Oxbow, or
Nutrena), but don’t feed them too much. A rounded ¼ c for a 2 pound Dwarf is
plenty. You want a pellet that is 16% protein and at least 20% fiber. If the
rabbits are housed outside during the winter, you can bump them up to an 18%
protein, but only during the winter.
Of course, you can also feed them fresh veggies as well. They
are particularly fond of Kale, Collard Greens, Parsley, Cilantro and other
herbs. Avoid lettuce (in spite of what you’ve always seen on TV) and celery.
Feed spinach and very dark greens sparingly, as they can cause diarrhea.
Introduce one veg at a time for a minimum of 48 hours before adding a new one.
This will allow you time to see if your rabbit will tolerate each one. I also
recommend finding a list online for all of the acceptable vs. toxic plants.
Rabbits also need plenty of fresh water, preferably from an
un-softened or chlorinated source.
Behavior
Bringing home a new rabbit is just like bringing home any
other pet. There is going to be a period of adjustment for you and for the
animal. You are going to have to train it to what acceptable behavior is and
what is not acceptable. This is not a complete primer on training rabbits, but
here are a few thoughts:
·
Offer freedom slowly. Immediate run of the whole house
is not a good idea. Start in your arms and on your lap. If the rabbit behaves,
allow then the surface of the bed or couch, then move to a small open area of
floor. Each of these steps should take several days, and progressing to the next
level should only happen with good behavior. Misbehaving means moving back to a
more restricted level.
·
Offer treats when the rabbit is doing what you want.
Don’t just give them randomly in the cage.
·
Undesirable behavior should be disciplined with a sharp,
loud noise (like you would make to get a child’s attention), or blowing in
their face (putting them at eye level). The discipline must be immediate for
them to connect it with the undesirable behavior. Putting them back in their
cage is not a punishment to them.
·
Never allow the rabbit to get away with the
undesirable behavior. If they are refusing to come out of their cage, don’t
just give up and walk away. Make them come out, even if it is only for a
moment. You must be the boss, not them.
·
Keep in mind that rabbits are a prey species. If there
is some behavior happening that you are concerned about, first consider the
environment to see if you can find a logical cause and alter it. Noise, too
much traffic in their area, and being held insecurely are the top reasons that I
see for nipping. Nipping and biting that breaks the skin or draws blood are two
different things. Aggression should never be tolerated.
·
If you have any questions about behavior, please don’t
hesitate to call or email.
Playtime
Rabbits are curious creatures. They love to get out of their
cage and explore. Just be sure to bunny proof their environment first! Move all
electrical cords and cables, and other things that would hurt them (or make you
mad) if they chew on them.
Rabbits, unless they have bonded from birth with another
rabbit, do not usually play well with other bunnies. Unnaltered bucks and
females will fight, sometimes viciously, and injure each other. So, just like
with the cages, remember “everyone needs their own space”.
If you take your rabbit outside, keep them in an enclosure
that will protect them from predators, on the ground and in the sky. Remember,
they like to dig—especially the does!
Rabbits like toys. Ping pong balls, cardboard tubes and egg
cartons, baby key rings, and blocks of untreated wood all make great toys to
keep them busy in and out of their cages. Chew toys also help to keep their
teeth worn to the proper length.
Health
A clean, dry rabbit is a healthy rabbit. Some staining of the
fur on the bottoms of the paws is normal, but other than that, no discharge of
any kind should be overlooked. Wet eyes and noses are not normal, and should be
treated.
Diarrhea in a rabbit should be addressed immediately. GI
Stasis and death can occur very rapidly if stomach troubles are ignored.
A rabbit not eating or not going to the bathroom normally are
also warning signs.
A word about vets-Most vets do not receive adequate training
in caring for rabbits in school. That is not to say that there can’t be good
vets that have trained themselves afterward, but they are rare. Be wary and
educate yourself. Your rabbit does not need any vaccinations. It would not
likely survive an attack by anything that would transmit the diseases for which
the vaccinations are designed; and the vaccinations would also likely kill it.
Antibiotics can also be deadly to a rabbit. Do not ever let anyone give your
rabbit Amoxicillin. Bactrim and Baytril and several others are safe.
The Merck Veterinary Manual online is an excellent source for
other health information you might need.
Spay/Neuter
This is one of the top questions that people ask when they
are purchasing a rabbit.
Unless you plan to buy male and female rabbits and house them
together, it is not necessary to have them “fixed”. The procedure is expensive
and anesthesia is risky. However, it does help mellow the temperament and can
reduce the risk of reproductive organ cancers. You need to find a very
experienced vet. You will also need to be vigilant about not overfeeding.
Neutering makes them prone to obesity.
Locally, the Fox Valley Animal Welfare League in Aurora does
2 rabbit spay days a month, are relatively inexpensive, and have more
experience than most. I have not personally used them, but have several clients
with good experiences there.
One of the concerns is that an unaltered buck will spray, or
mark it’s territory. Even with more than 40 intact rabbits here, I have not
found that to be true. I have read that approximately 2% will spray.
The other question that I get is regarding a female rabbit’s
“heat” cycle. Does do not have a heat, or menstrual cycle like cats or dogs.
They are “forced ovulators”, which means that within 8 hours of breeding, they
will ovulate and become pregnant. There is no bleeding to deal with.
Save the money on a vet bill and just make sure to follow the
“everybody gets their own hole” rule and you should not have a problem.
Weather
Dwarf rabbits tolerate a range of temperatures, but can
handle cold better than heat. They really don’t like wind. If you must keep
your rabbit outdoors, here are a few things to consider:
·
In the summer, keep them and their cage out of direct
sun. A rabbit can get sunburned! Help them through the hot weather by placing
frozen water and 2 liter bottles in their cages to keep them cool. Drape their
cages with beach towels that you can wet down periodically.
·
Rabbits normally breathe through their noses. They do
not sweat and do not pant to cool off like a dog might.
·
In the winter, board up their houses with plywood or
surround it with bales of straw and cover it with tarps to keep the wind out
and insulate it. Give them wood boxes only slightly larger than their bodies to
hide in. The boxes should have an opening just big enough for them to get
through and it should be faced away from the windiest side. You can also give
them lots of extra straw and hay inside the cage to help keep them warm.
Weird, but
normal
There are a couple of things about rabbits that are strange,
but perfectly normal:
·
Red Urine-urine that is dark red (or even pink), like
the color of rust, is nothing to be concerned about. It is just a rabbit’s
natural way of metabolizing some of the minerals in plant material. It will
come and go on its own. Blood in the urine, however, is rare, but would look
like normal urine with small red streaks in it. That’s a vet visit.
·
Cecotropes, or Cecals-Normal rabbit pellets are
regularly shaped, nearly dry balls. Cecotropes are small, wet clusters with a
strong odor that you may occasionally see in the litter tray. These are
partially digested food that the rabbit normally eats directly from their
cecum. Gross, but a necessary part of their digestive process. A few may fall
into the tray before they are eaten, and that isn’t a problem. If you start
seeing lots of them, stop feeding pellets and fresh veggies for a few days to
see if the problem clears up. Pregnant does, or those with litters will have
more than other rabbits.
·
Blowing coat-a rabbit will shed its coat once or twice
a year. Lots of fur everywhere, and a very raggedy looking bunny is normal.
Bald patches, anything that looks flaky or like dandruff, is another story. The
most likely cause would be mites.
Grooming
Your rabbit does not need a bath! They groom themselves
regularly, like a cat. So, unless they fall into something yucky, don’t bathe
them. Their fur is so dense that it takes them a long time to dry, which can be
dangerous for them.
You can brush them with a soft grooming brush, or simply wet
your hand and pet them to remove loose hair and smooth their fur.
Your rabbit will need its nails clipped occasionally. You can
use normal fingernail clippers, or you can purchase dog/cat clippers. There is
a vein in each toenail, just like in other animals, so just take a small bit
off each time and don’t clip past the hairline. I recommend keeping a small
bowl of cornstarch handy when you clip them, just in case you nick the vein.
You can hold the paw in the cornstarch to help the blood clot quickly. It works
the same way that Styptic powder does, but is much cheaper.
Handling
Here are a couple of tips for handling your rabbit to
minimize scratches:
·
When you take your rabbit out of its cage, bring it
forward face first. When you put it back, lower it hind feet first. If the
rabbit cannot see the floor of the cage, it will not scramble to get there.
·
You can pick you rabbit up quickly and safely by
grasping it toward the back of the body just inside the hips. Even if your
fingers touch, there aren’t any vital organs in that part of their body that
you can damage. This is a useful way to pick your rabbit up in an emergency or
if they are being naughty.
·
When you need to groom or examine your rabbit by
laying it on its back, the best way to do this is to grasp the base of the ears
firmly in the curve of your thumb and index finger and hold their head still.
If you control their ears, you control the rest of them. This is also helpful
when carrying them up or down stairs (which they don’t seem to like).
·
Covering their head with your hand or a towel is a
quick way to subdue them, if necessary.
·
You can also tuck your rabbit, feet up, in the crook
of your arm and hold their head and ears still with your elbow. This works well
for clipping nails.
This is not everything that you need to know about your
rabbit, but it’s a start. Here are some other helpful resources:
http://www.medirabbit.com/EN/GI_diseases/Food/feeding_en.pdf
http://www.fvawl.org/index.php/sn-clinic
http://www.fvawl.org/index.php/sn-clinic
My contact information:
Leaning Tree Acres
Stacy Christian
Newark, IL 60541
630-251-6733
Please do not ever hesitate to contact me with questions or
concerns!
